Geology of Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada

The Disastrous Effects of Global Warming - 1118 Words

Twenty thousand years ago, during the height of the most recent glacial period, ice sheets stretched from New York state across the Great Lakes to Wisconsin northward through most of Canada (Schneider 39). Mile-high domes of ice tied up so much fresh water that the oceans were some 100 meters lower than today. On a global basis, the world warmed up some five degrees Celsius from the beginning of the ice age’s rapid retreat over 15,000 years ago (39). The large and rapid climatic change affected the atmosphere, temperature, and water cycles. Research shows that planet Earth is in fact still warming. Senator Al Gore says this about global warming: â€Å"You see that pale, blue dot? That’s us. Everything that has ever happened in all of human†¦show more content†¦Studies show that even small changes in carbon dioxide levels cause significant shifts in global temperature (2). Since the beginning of the twentieth century, human activity has added 925 billion tons of CO2 to the atmosphere (Goldfarb 341). The slow removal of CO2 from the atmosphere is largely accomplished through biological and chemical processes in the ocean, which can take up to centuries (Schneider 102). Human activities have enhanced the greenhouse effect by adding the gases to the atmosphere, causing global warming (â€Å"Back to Basics† 2). The main human activities are the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and the clearing of land (Mastrandrea 232). These human activities produce the gases: methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) (â€Å"Back to Basics† 3). Methane is thirty times more effective at trapping infrared radiation than carbon dioxide, but CO2 is far more prevalent (Schneider 21). Methane has increased in the atmosphere by almost 100% since 1800 (21). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), man-made chemicals used as a spray can propellants, foam blowers, and refrigerants, are another effective greenhouse gas. CFCs cause about 20% of the greenhouse effect (21). There is uncertainty about the eventual outcome and what it will mean for life on Earth (Goldfarb 339). Global warming will have both positive and negative impacts that areShow MoreRelatedTechnology CAn Stop Global Warming Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe global thermometer is drastically changing year by year which could overall have a devastating impact on humanity. In the film Six Degrees Could Change the World it is stated that if the temperature continues to increases by one degree Celsius, it will have a great effect on both the world and the people living in it. If it were to drastically increase by six degree, there could be catastrophic results. Global warming has been a controversial issue over the last few decades in which many individualsRead MoreEssay on Fighting Global Warming 1202 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has become a major issue discussed over Medias and governments all over the world today. It is a problem that threatens the whole world because of the destructive impacts it can have on us humans and to the environment. Global warming is not a new phenomenon. It is often referred to as the gradual rise of the earths near surface temperature as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. The green house gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, ozoneRead MoreIs Global Warming Due to Human Actions? Can the Human Race Take Action to Stop Global Warming?1529 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 19, 2012 Outline Is global warming due to human actions? Can the human race take action to stop global warming? Introduction Thesis Statement: Yes, human actions are definitely a factor in global warming. The fact that there have been natural cycles of climate change since earths formation, in past and recent centuries humans have influenced global climate change through the emission of greenhouse gases. The actions that humans should take to stop global warming are to reduce the greenhouseRead MoreParables Of The Sower By Octavia E. Butler1641 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent day issue of global warming has taken a turn for the worst, thus leaving many parts of the world severely depleted of usable water and years without rain. â€Å"It’s raining†¦ ‘well we have wind’, Cory said. ‘Wind and maybe a few drops of rain, or maybe just a little cool weather. That would be welcome. It’s all we’ll get.’That’s all there has been for six years† (butler 47). Is Octavia E. Butler novel Parables of the Sower predicting the grim consequences of increased greenhouse effect due to the failureRead MoreEssay on We Must Stop Global Warming643 Words   |  3 Pagesare brewing a disastrous stew, resulting in an atmosphere crisis. The greatest consequences of the atmosphere crisis may be global warming and ozone depletion. If humankind wants to continue to inhabit earth, then we must stop this horrid destruction of our own environment. The Earth appears to be warming due to the greenhouse effect. Scientists estimate that average temperature could climb about 2 degrees Celsius in 20 years. This change in the global climate would have disastrous results, includingRead MoreImpact Of Global Warming On The Everglades1316 Words   |  6 PagesCorporations affecting Global Warming in the Everglades A marshy region with tall grasses that are almost underwater, the Everglades are wetlands expanding across the southern tip of Florida. The Everglades consists of a variety of ecosystems that are habitats to a multitude of diverse species of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. However, this National Park is deteriorating as it is exposed to the harmful effects of global warming. Global warming is caused by the excessive build-up of greenhouseRead MoreClimate Change Is A Real Threat1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature of our environment. A majority of scientists suspect that humans are causing climate change by emitting CO2 into the atmosphere which creates a greenhouse effect and warms the planet. The effects of climate change are far-reaching, impacting ocean life and plant life across the globe. It also directly impacts humans bec ause global temperaturesRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1123 Words   |  5 Pageschange is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature and weather in our environment over long periods of time. A majority of scientists suspect that humans are causing climate change by emitting CO2 into the atmosphere which creates a greenhouse effect and warms the planet. The effects of climate change are far-reaching, impacting ocean life andRead MoreEnvironmental Case Analysis: the Risks of Global Climate Change1185 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Case Analysis: The Risks of Global Climate Change Introduction The natural world seems to be deteriorating around us, and it seems to be our fault. We are uncertain about the extent of the deterioration, the means that would reverse it, and the prospects for human life in the future (Newton, Dillingham, Choly, 2006, p. x). The environment and its protection is an extremely serious issue. Many environmental issues exist including endangered species, waste pollution, over populationRead More Global Warming: Fact Vs. Fiction Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Warming: Fact Vs. Fiction Global Warming -- the gradual increase in planet-wide temperatures -- seems to be accepted by many scientists and people now as fact. Generally, this warming is attributed to the increase of green-house gases in the Earths upper atmosphere. However, some solar scientists are considering whether the warming exists at all. And, if it does, might

Influences of Juran Trilogy free essay sample

Trilogy Nissan Motor Corp. redefined mass production and built its reputation around quality and reliability by paying attention to large and small details and following the Juran Trilogy applying the planning, Control and Improvement. Nissan builds a number of test vehicles and performs repeated running tests and simulated running tests to elevate production precision before they deliver a vehicle to the customer. To accurately respond to the markets needs, collect as many faulty parts from the field as possible. After validating the condition of each part, they attempt to replicate the problem and determine its cause. Finally, they carry out an analysis using the most reliable methods possible. Once the cause is determined, they begin specific countermeasures. Nissan Corp. achieves quality assurance through a two-stage test that includes test drives and local evaluation. There are four main phases to creating and supplying a vehicle: planning, development, production and marketing/sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Influences of Juran Trilogy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main element that influences the quality in Nissan Corp is â€Å"Control â€Å". Quality Control is a commitment in their business plan, and Nissan is putting in a lot of focus and effort to meet that commitment. Influences from the Juran Trilogy has been implemented in the company’s curriculum such as planning and improvement. In Nissan Corp. the quality curriculum plan is to increase quality-control training for its entire worker, so in this way we can say that they are complying with the Juran trilogy by working on planning then development a control phase. The Center’s mission is to provide quality and design-based training to improve the capabilities of employees so that they are empowered to work from a customer first perspective. Nissan employees will learn from a curriculum of safety, design and quality control training to reinforce work methods and develop new work standards through benchmarking and continuous improvement processes. Also Nissan has been committed to set a global standard for the quality of the components from its suppliers base. Also in this curriculum Nissan Corporation has made progress to help ensure that the customers can have complete confidence in the quality, safety and reliability of their vehicles, and their initiatives build on those accomplishments. Continuous efforts to strengthen vehicle quality and safety, and to respond swiftly and thoroughly to the customers’ concerns, are driven by a core values and will always be a fundamental part of the company. One of Nissan goals is to set new, even higher standards for quality and customer responsiveness in both the factory and the market by continuing to put customers first in everything they do. Another elements of the Juran Trilogy on Nissan Corp, is the quality planning, by identifying internal and external costumers, determine costumer needs and develop product features which respond to customer needs, establishing goals for product features and developing a process to meet the product goals. In this way we can say that Nissan can prove than the process can meet the process goals under operating conditions. Works Cited Greimel, H. (2013, 3 18). Nissan shake-up aims to shore up quality, EVs.

The United States and National Security, and Domin Essay Example For Students

The United States and National Security, and Domin Essay ant Party in Balance of PowerThe emergence of the United States as a dominant party in balance ofpower equations is a relatively new phenomenon in world history. New militarytechnology coupled with increased global integration has allowed the UnitedStates to reinvent the fundamental assumptions of international diplomacy whilepropelling itself to the top of the hegemonic stepladder. This positioning wasachieved piecemeal during the course of the first two world wars, but it wasntuntil the deployment of the atomic bomb that the U.S.. assumed its position as atrue superpower. The years that followed this unparalleled ascension are themost fascinating times in the history of U.S. international relations. Hopefully,an investigation into this atomic diplomacy, along with a balanced analysis ofthe problems of conceptualizing and implementing containment, will provideinsight for our current efforts to devise a workable post-war national securitypolicy. There is no way to tell the story of post-war national security withoutalso telling the story of George Kennen. Kennen, the foremost expert of SovietAffairs in early post-war America, is almost wholly responsible for the policyof containment. What we must remember under Kennens containment is that nucleardiplomacy is not separate from other national security measures as it is oftentoday. Nuclear weapons were part of an integrated system of containment anddeterrence. Truman told Kennen in early 1947 that our weapons of massdestruction are not fail-safe devices, but instead the fundamental bedrock ofAmerican security (Gaddis 56). They were never intended as first strike weaponsand had no real tactical value. The bomb is purely strategic, and its valuecomes not from its destructive capabilities, but from its political andpsychological ramifications. Kennen was never naive enough to view the bomb asan offensive weapon. In his long memorandum The International Control of AtomicEnergy, Ken nen noted that there could be no way in which weapons of massdestruction could be made to serve rational ends beyond simply deterring theoutbreak of hostilities (Kennen 39). Even at this early point, Kennen began toalso recognize the potential of the bomb to completely wreck balance of powerarrangements. Simply achieving higher potentials of destruction would notnecessarily lead to a better negotiating position with the Soviets. Truman hadnever considered not creating the hydrogen bomb, despite Kennens objections. Trumans justified his adamant support of the super bomb for bargainingpurposes with the Russians. Kennens point, of course, had been that the verydecision to build the hydrogen bomb would inhibit bargaining with the Russianson international control, since the Kremlin was unlikely to negotiate from aposition of weakness. Most of the American national security structure viewedthis as fallacious. Trumans perception was that the United States, as atechnology rich but man power short nation, was operating from a position ofweakness, since of necessity is relied more heavily than did the Soviet Union onweapons of mass destruction to maintain the balance of power. The Soviet atomictest in 1949 had upset that balance. Only by building the super bomb, it wasthought, could equilibrium be regained. It would not be until the Kennedyadministration that Kennen would be vindicated and an awareness would developof the basic unsoundness of a defense posture based primarily on weaponsindiscriminately destructive and suicidal in their implications (Kennen 365). The late mistakes of the Truman administration would be carried overinto the Eisenhower years. Nuclear deployment became the primary Americansecurity measure, naturally leading the Soviets to do the same. The problems ofthe Eisenhower years stemmed directly from the overconfidence in the U.S. nuclear program to achieve tangible military objectives in the face of increasedhostilities. John Foster Dulles, the symbol of bipartisan cooperation on foreignpolicy, began to advocate the nuclear response. The impotence of our standingarmy compared to the Soviets military behemoth was clear to all U.S. policyadvisors. There was no way in which we could match Russia gun for gun, tank fortank, at anytime, in any place. Johns brother Allen Dulles, CIA director underEisenhower, said to do so would mean real strength nowhere and bankruptcyeverywhere (Gaddis 121). Instead, the U.S. response to Soviet aggressions wouldbe made on our terms. J.F. Dulles solution was typical strategic asymmetry, butof a particular kind. His recommendations prompted a world in which we couldand would strike back where it hurts, by means of out own choosing. This couldbe done most effectively by relying on atomic weapons, and on the strategic airand naval power necessary to deliver them (Dulles 147). This unba lancedstrategic equation between the two superpowers was not even the most dangerousflaw of the 1950s. None Provided8 Argumentative EssayGaddis agrees, saying Vietnam was the unexpected legacy of the flexibleresponse: not fine tuning, but clumsy overreaction, not coordination butdisproportion, not strategic precision, but in the end, a strategic vacuum(Gaddis 273). The 1968 campaign was unusual in that, unlike 1952 and 1960, itprovided little indication of the direction in which the new administrationwould move into office. In addition, the world facing the new administration of1968 was one ripe with possibilities of new approaches. To usher in these newstrategies, Nixon choose Dr. Henry Kissenger as his national security advisor. Kissengers conceptual approach to the making of national security policyeliminated the crisis based flexible response system. Crises, he said, weresymptoms of deeper problems that if allowed to fester would prove increasinglyunmanageable (Kissenger 275). Kissenger was one of the first to recognize theshift from a bipolar to multipolar world. This was a natural resultmodernization, and therefore, traditional bipolar nuclear strategy began to loseimportance, like Kissenger had predicted five years earlier. Before this point,United States interests were effectively met by its Pax Americana enforced onthe world by U.S. weapons of war. By 1968, however, Nixon knew he had to dealwith the world in a much less dynamic fashion. What Nixon and Kissenger did with their concept of a multipolar worldorder was to arrive at a conception of interests independent of threats. Gaddispoints out that since those interests required equilibrium but not ideologicalconsistency, it followed that the United States could feasibly work with statesof differing and even antithetic social systems as long as they shared theAmerican interest in countering challenges to global stability (Gaddis 285). This has become the primary guiding doctrine in American foreign policy sincethat time. Once this official policy shift was made, nuclear weapons becameexactly what they originally were: symbols for deterrence. The only continuingreason any nations of the nuclear club still deploy nuclear weapons is to deterhostility from other nations. The depth and complexity of American securitypolicy reaches far beyond the scope of this investigation, but hopefully therole of the atomic bomb in U.S. foreign affairs is somewhat more clear. Today,nuclear diplomacy is dead. The world has somehow adapted to weapons of massdestruction, and the diplomatic and military strategy of nuclear weapons is farfrom the minds of U.S. officials in the State Department. The world has moved onto a new age in international relations. Kissenger said in 1968 that there wasnow no single decisive index by which the influence of states can be measured(Kissenger 277). As much as we might like to indict the policies of nuc leardiplomacy for all its self-indulgent insanity, we must bear in mind that it wassomehow successful. Not one atomic bomb fell onto a nation from Kennen toKissenger, and that should show the altruistic commitment by men of power tokeep the unthinkable thinkable. Category: History

Treatment Factors that Affect Adolescent Substance Treatment Placement

Battle of the Dictionaries

Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries By Maeve Maddox In commenting on the article Forte or Fortà «, Cache or Cachet?, Geoff Foster points out that the Oxford American Dictionary on his Mac supports the /fortay/ pronunciation of forte (in the sense of strong point). He also implies that the same dictionary gives a pronunciation for another French borrowing, cadre, that ignores the /r/ sound. NOTE: Im a bit puzzled about this one. The dictionary on my new Mac laptop gives the pronunciation /kad ree/ for cadre. Pierre B. asks why Americans want to put a /t/ in the French borrowing niche. Alas, when it comes to pronunciation, English speakers face constant decisions. For those who wish to support their decisions with the authority of a dictionary, the first decision to be made is that of which dictionary to cite! As Geoff points out, the Oxford American on the Mac gives the /fortay/ pronunciation as the first choice for forte with the sense of strong point. Its first pronunciation for cadre in his dictionary drops the /r/ sound. The Webster Unabridged, on the other hand, gives /fort/ as the first choice for this use of forte, and offers a pronunciation with the /r/ sound in its first choice for cadre. An alternate pronunciation for cadre, without the /r/ sound, is flagged as chiefly British. Both dictionaries show a short i pronunciation and a /ch/ sound for the che in niche. The /ch/ phonogram (ch as in church) sounds as if it has a /t/ in it. Webster gives a second pronunciation of /nish/ which avoids the /t/ sound, but still gives the word a short i sound for the vowel. As Geoff advises in his comment, take your pick. My pick for forte is /fort/. My pick for niche is /neesh/. As for cadre, I might use the word in writing, but I cant imagine having occasion to use it in conversation. In such an event Id probably include an /r/ sound. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay - 1

MODERN BUSINESS in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example The population in the cities increased drastically. There was a widespread discontent between the rich and the poor. This triggered new reform movements. Due to the increase in American industry, many developments emerged and there was value for the American goods. In addition, due to the use of machines, workers were able to produce goods faster than they could when using hands. Moreover, the availability of natural resource played a big role in the rising of big business. In the UK, industrial revolution began in the late 1700. People manufacture goods in their homes using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization led to the shift and there was mass production of goods. The development of the steam engine played important roles in ensuring there was an improvement in the transport, communication, and banking industry. It also brought about employment opportunities that led to the improvement of the living standards of the poor as well as the working class. Before industrialization, people used to live in the rural area practicing farming. The textile industry was transformed by industrialization that were made in people’s homes. It was difficult for merchants to regulate their own schedules in the manufacture of textiles thus resulting in numerous inefficiencies. In addition, the transport system was also advanced from the use of horse-drawn wagons to steam boat then later steam ships. Late or newly, industrialization refers to those countries whose level of economic development is between the developing and the first world classifications (Wyatt, 2009).  This means that these countries have moved from the agriculture based economy to the industrialized urban economy. Some of the countries that are industrialized include Germany, China, and Japan. The development of a the railway network fastened the transportation of goods from one

Urban Change and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Urban Change and Conflict - Essay Example In a perfect world, the movie would exist uniquely as a representation of darker days long since past. However, ‘Selma’ displays the evolution of urban change and conflict while gleaming a spotlight on the slow growth of that which has not changed. The movie’s story offers a blueprint not only on the past events, but of the way forward in terms of urban change and conflict. The movie ‘Selma’ of course did not happen in a vacuum. The mass movement against Jim Crow apartheid, for the right to vote and equal rights in public accommodations, had been growing for almost a decade, ever since the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955. However, the early 1960s witnessed the Freedom Rides and lunch counter sit-in movement against segregation on interstate bus transportation1. This movement for equity and democratic rights was made possible by the struggle of the working class of the 1940s and 1930s that preceded it. The Urban crisis is jarringly evident in the shattered storefronts and fire-blemished African apartments in the movie. Rates of poverty among these black residents are very high. With a few expectations, most of them have witnessed loss of manufacturing job and the arrival of a low-wage service sector. Most of the streets that are revealed in the movie have ghettos that are characterized by extreme spatial isolation and segregation. This means that central-city residence, joblessness, race, and poverty were intertwined in the urban areas. It can be noted that patterns of racial and class segregation in the cities in America had continued and hardened. As evident from the movie, racial conflict and tension as a tenacious refrain in the people living in the urban areas. Discrimination by race and color was a key fact of life in the urban areas of America in the 1950s and 60s.

Quality and IT Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quality and IT Management - Essay Example 2. Role of Quality Gurus Some of the most famous quality gurus include Armand Feigenbaum, Edwards Deming, Philip Crosby, Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo (Beckford 2002, p. 54). All of these gurus brought different concepts of quality which not only helped the companies achieve competitive advantage in the past but also provide appropriate directions towards success to the companies belonging to the present world. We can take example of Masaaki Imai who came up with the concept of Kaizen in 1986, which led Japan’s way to huge success in the field of technological development. Kaizen is an umbrella, which includes all Japanese practices related to quality management. Imai focused on continuous improvement in all departments of a company. Shigeo Shingo was a Japanese quality guru who focused on zero quality control and brought the concept of Poka-Yoke which means to identify the errors before they become some real defects. Kaoru Ishikawa was another Japanese qu ality guru who also believed in some other concepts other than just provision of quality products to the customers. He focused on after sales service, company and the customers, and quality of the management. One of the main teachings of all quality gurus was quality control, which means to ensure quality in all stages of a product development. In the engineering domain, quality control results in accepting or rejecting a manufactured product (Unhelkar 2003, p. 303). In the view of quality gurus, the process of quality control includes certain actions which are necessary for the control and verification of required characteristics of any product or services provided by a company. Fryman (2002, p. 6) found that the main purpose of quality control is to eliminate all factors which can result in unsatisfactory product performance. Along with quality control, some American quality gurus, such as, Dr. Joseph Juran and Dr. W. Edwards Deming also focused on quality management that leads a company’s way towards success. The primary objective of quality management is to increase customer satisfaction with the company’s products and services. Deming’s quality cycle comprised of some key steps, which included Plan, Do, Study, and Act. Deming focused on bringing improvements in quality of products and services by reducing the elements of variability and uncertainty in design and features of the products and services. On the other hand, Juran believed in the philosophy of ‘fitness for use’ and advocated the use of ‘quality cost measurement’. Philip Crosby was a Western American quality guru who believed in the concept of ‘conformance to requirements’. Crosby came up with four main concepts related to quality management. The first one was that quality is not goodness or elegance rather it is conformance to the requirements of the customers. The second concept was that the system for creating quality has nothing to do with appraisal rather it is concerned with prevention. Third concept was the zero defects standard of quality whereas the fourth concept was that measurement of quality should be the price of nonconformance. Crosby focused on reducing the manufacturing expenses by doping things right at the first time instead of correcting them. In the past, the teachings of quality gurus really helped companies become more competitive in nature, lower the product manufacturing costs, improve

The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages

The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to determine the sequence of the human genome and identify the genes that it contains. After the idea was picked up in 1984 by the US government when the planning started, the project formally began in 1990 and was completed in 2003, 2 years ahead of its original schedule. The Project was coordinated by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy. Additional contributors included universities across the United States and international partners in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and China. Goals The main goals of the Human Genome Project were to provide a complete and accurate sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome and to find all of the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 human genes. The sequence would act as a template for the annotation of genes discovered in the future: if a geneticist found a novel gene that increases the risk for breast cancer, for instance, she should be able to decipher its precise location and sequence by mapping it to the master sequence of the human genome. By comparing abnormal genes to the normal genes in the template, the geneticist would be able to map the mutation responsible for causing the disease. Benefits The potential benefit of a comprehensive sequencing effort was highlighted by the isolation of disease-linked genes such as Huntingtons disease, Cystic Fibrosis, and the most common breast-cancer-associated gene, BRCA1. The one-gene-at-a-time approach was very inefficient and laborious. It only worked for monogenic diseases. But most common human diseases are genomic polygenic diseases caused by multiple genes spread diffusely throughout the human genome. Cancer and mental illnesses are examples of genomic diseases. Public versus Private Approaches In 1998, a similar, privately funded quest was launched by the American researcher Craig Venter, and his firm Celera Genomics. Venter was a scientist at the NIH during the early 1990s when the project was initiated. The $300,000,000 Celera effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion publicly funded project. Celera used a technique called whole genome shotgun sequencing, employing pairwise end sequencing, which had been used to sequence bacterial genomes of up to six million base pairs in length, but not for anything nearly as large as the three billion base pair human genome. Celera initially announced that it would seek patent protection on only 200-300 genes, but later amended this to seeking intellectual property protection on fully-characterized important structures amounting to 100-300 targets. The firm eventually filed preliminary (place-holder) patent applications on 6,500 whole or partial genes. Celera also promised to publish their findings in accordance with the terms of the 1996 Bermuda Statement, by releasing new data annually (the HGP released its new data daily), although, unlike the publicly funded project, they would not permit free redistribution or scientific use of the data. Ultimately, Celera afreed to provide free access to academic researchers but with several important constraints. Although a working draft was announced on June 26, 2000 (jointly by U.S. President Bill Clinton and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair), it was not until February 2001 that Celera and the HGP scientists published details of their drafts. These drafts covered about 83% of the genome (90% of the euchromatic regions with 150,000 gaps and the order and orientation of many segments not yet established). In February 2001, at the time of the joint publications, press releases announced that the project had been completed by both groups. Improved drafts were announced in 2003 and 2005, filling in to approximately 92% of the sequence currently. The Book of Man It has 3,088,286,401 letters of DNA It is divided into twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. All other apes have twenty-four pairs. It encodes about 20,687 genes in total only 1,796 more than worms, and 12,000 fewer than corn. It is fiercely inventive. Gene regulation and gene splicing are used more extensively in the human genome than in the genome of other organisms. It squeezes complexity out of simplicity, produces near-infinite functional variations out of its limited repertoire. It is dynamic. In some cells, it reshuffles its own sequence to make novel variant of itself. Parts of it are surprisingly beautiful. An enormous proportion (about 98%) is not dedicated to genes per se, but to enormous stretches of DNA that are interspersed between genes (intergenic DNA) or within genes (introns). These stretches encode no RNA, and no protein. It is encrusted with history. It has repeated elements that appear frequently. It has enormous gene family genes that resemble each other and perform similar functions which often cluster together. It contains thousands of pseudogenes genes that were once functional but ahve become nonfunctional, ie, they give rise to no protein or RNA. It accommodates enough variation to make each one of us distinct, but enough consistency to make each of us different from other species. Its first gene, on chromosome one, encodes a protein that senses smell in the nose. Its last gene, on chromosome X, encodes a protein that modulates the interaction between cells of the immune system. The ends of its chromosomes are marked with telomeres. Like the little bits of plastic at the ends of shoelaces, these sequences of DNA are designed to protect the chromosomes from fraying and degenerating. Although we fully understand the genetic code ie how the information in a single gene is used to build protein we comprehend virtually nothing of the genomic code ie, how multiple genes spead across the human genome coordinaet gene expression in space and time to build, maintain, and repair a human organism It imprints and erases chemical marks on itself in response to alterations in its environment thereby encoding a form of cellular memory. It is poised to evolute. It is littered with the debris of its past. Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Introduction The opening years of the twentieth century were stormy. That was the time when the greatest catastrophe of history took place. The political scenario was undergoing a change. The British were beginning to feel a bit uneasy. Discontentment was brewing. Political discontent was growing due to the inability of the government to organize effective relief during the period of plague and famine. In order to stem the discontent, the British played the political trump card with great aplomb. For the first time, they used their divide-and-rule political game with great force. From 1870 onwards, the British started inciting the Hindus and the Muslims to form their own political parties to establish their distinct religious identities. That was perhaps, the beginning of the communalisation of politics. The British not only encouraged the two communities to form political parties along religious lines, they took various constructive steps to create a situation whereby Hindus and Muslims would be forced to think in a way as if their religious identity is at peril. This effort culminated in the partition of Bengal in 1905. The partition was made along communal lines. The British had realized that a united India was a strong India and thus they decided to separate Hindus and Muslims, the major population of India. As a result India would not be united and would remain weak. The British continued this strategy of divide and rule and finally India was divided. This policy left a deep impact on the Indians, the communal hatred between Hindus and Muslim is still prevalent and has taken a major form. This has resulted in many riots and caused major harm to life and property. Revolt of 1857 The British East India Company came to India as traders but slowly took over the rule in India and in no time the whole of India was under the British rule. India was the largest and the most important colony of Britain. They made immense profits in their rule, but they treated Indians as an inferior race. Indians were tortured and treated like slaves, they were forced to grow Indigo and as a result the cottage industries suffered a heavy setback. Slowly over a period of time Indians realized about their rights and got to know about nationalism. They also fought for freedom in numerous revolts, but all of them were crushed as the Indians were not united. Some of the famous revolts were the Santhal Rebellion, Indigo revolts and many more. These small revolts took shape of a national movement and emerged in the form of the revolt of 1857 https://mail.google.com/mail/images/cleardot.gif The greatest and the most widespread armed uprising which shook the foundations of the British rule in India was the Revolt Of 1857.The accumulating hatred against British rule which had resulted in numerous, though localized, outbreaks burst in a mighty rebellion in 1857.The dispossessed rulers of Indian states, the nobles and the zamindars who had been deprived of their lands, the Indian soldiers of Britains army in India and the vast masses of peasants, artisans and the others who had been ruined by British economic policies and had been rising up in revolts in their isolated pockets, were now united by the common aim of overthrowing British rule. The introduction of greases cartridges which showed the British rulers complete disregard of the religious beliefs of the Indian people provided the immediate cause of the revolt. The soldiers killed the British officers and marched to Delhi. They conquered Delhi and proclaimed the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar as the emperor of India. The rebellion spread like wild fire and the British rule ceased to exist over a vast part of Northern and Central India for many months. The major centres of the revolt, besides Delhi, where some of the fiercest battles were fought were Kanpur, Lukhnow, Bareilly and Bundelkhand. This victory was short-lived as British reconquered the states and Indian rule was back in the hands of the British. The revolt was over and now the power had been transferred from the British East India Company to the British Crown. The Queen had decided herself to take care of the Indian politics as she had realized that the conditions had become far worse than expectations. Many promises were made to the Indians regarding their welfare under the Queens Proclamation, but hardly any were followed. The conditions had not improved and the same tactics were used in a minor form. Rise of Indian Nationalism Nationalism is a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism. It involves the feeling of oneness and brotherhood for your own countrymen. The growth of Indian nationalism started in the nineteenth century. Political unification of India, fall of Indias old social and economic system, the beginning of modern trade and industry and the rise of new social classes laid the basis of nationalism. The social and religious reform movements and popular anti-British revolts contributed to the growth of nationalism. The farmers were suffering under the new land tenure systems introduced by the British government. The Indian industrialists were sad because of the economic policy of the British government. All import duties on cotton textiles were removed in 1882, which harmed the textile industry. The people of India became aware of the fact that the development of their country was not possible unless British rule was ended. There was a series of famines, which took a toll of millions of human lives, due to the indifference of the autocratic British administration. Indian Nationalism was broadly divided into three phases Moderate phase Radical phase Gandhian phase The Moderates advocated and used methods of Constitutional agitation for demanding reforms. They had faith in British and thought that the British would agree to their demands. They considered British just and kind. Some of the famous leaders were Dada Bhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendranath Bannerjee The Aggressive Nationalists had no faith in British rule, they thought that India could not progress under the British rule and freedom was necessary for their development. They believed that this could only be done by adopting aggressive methods. Some of the important leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra pal and Aurobindo Ghosh The Gandhian Phase was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; he devised the methods of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (insistence on truth) to attain independence. He converted the Indian freedom struggle into a mass movement; Gandhiji played a very important role in the independence of India. Partition of Bengal The decision took effect the Partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The partition took effect in October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The reason behind the partition that was officially announced was that the Bengal province was too large to be administered by a single governor and therefore was partitioned on administrative purpose. But the real reason behind the partition was political and not administrative. East Bengal was dominated by the Muslims and West Bengal by the Hindus. Partition was yet another part of the Divide and rule policy. Indians were outraged at what they recognise as a divide and rule policy, where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule. This partition provided an impetus to the religious divide and rule, as a result of that, All India Muslim League and All India Hindu Mahasabha was formed. Both the organisations aimed at fanning communal passions. Muslim League The All-India Muslim League was a political party during the period of the British Rule which advocated the creation of a separate Muslim-majority nation. Being a political party to secure the interests of the Muslim diaspora in British India, the Muslim League played a decisive role during the 1940s in the Indian independence movement and developed into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state in the Indian subcontinent. Muslim League was a political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. By 1940, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it had gained such power that, for the first time, it demanded the establishment of a Muslim state (Pakistan), despite the opposition of the Indian National Congress. During World War II the Congress was banned, but the League, which supported the British war effort, was allowed to function and gained strength. It won nearly the entire Muslim vote in the elections of 1946. The following year saw the division of the Indian subcontinent and the Muslim League became the major political party of newly formed Pakistan. By 1953, however, dissensions within the League had led to the formation of several different political parties Hindu Mahasabha Separate Electorates Separate electorate is a system of election to legislatures which divides voters along the lines of their religion or ethnicity; designed to ensure that each religious or ethnic group can elect their own representatives. In the case of separate electorates, the voting population of a country or region is divided into different electorates, based on certain factors such as religion, caste, gender, and occupation. Here, members of each electorate votes only to elect representatives for their electorate. It was used in India, prior to Independence, to guarantee representation for religious minorities. Separate electorates have been criticized as socially divisive, and for privileging one aspect of social identity above all others. In Indias pre-independence era, when the Muslims in India demanded fair representation in power-sharing with the British government along with the Hindus, the British government provided for a separate electorate system for the Muslims. As a result, of the total 250 seats of the Bengal Legislative Assembly, 117 seats were kept reserved for the Muslims. Efforts of Gandhi to bridge Hindu Muslim Gap One of the greatest contributions of Mahatma Gandhi was his unparalleled attempt at Hindu- Muslim Unity. Although he could not accomplish this task at the end still he fought for its realisation throughout his life. His always said Even if I am killed, I will not give up repeating the names of Ram and Rahim, which mean to me the same God. With these names on my lips, I will die cheerfully. He believed all religions to be true but not fallible. To Gandhiji Hindu-Muslim unity means unity not only between Hindu and Muslims but also between all those who believe India to be their home, no matter to what faith they belong. He believed that it was a criminal to quarrel over trivialities. Gandhiji knew that India could not attain freedom without Hindu Muslim unity, so he worked for the cause. To attain freedom India had to be united as one nation, they had to fight together for a common cause. He realized this and took advantage of this in the Khilafat issue. The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The position of Caliph was in danger and Ottoman Empire existence was short-lived, but the Caliph was the religious representative of the Muslims so they decided to launch a movement against the British. The Khilafat Movement was launched under the Ali Brothers, Gandhiji decided to support this movement to win the support of Muslims. Gandhiji thus strived for Hindu Muslim unity and considered Muslims as his brothers. Hindu Muslim rivalry would cause partition of India which would result in a weak India, this was exactly what the British wanted. They wanted a weak and divided India as it would be easy to govern it. This partition would result in various riots and bloodshed, it would result in a divided India, thus Gandhiji was against the partition from the start Mountbatten Plan The actual division of British India between the two new dominions was accomplished according to what has come to be known as the 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan. Lord Mountbatten worked out a detailed plan for the transfer of power to the Indian people. It was announced at a press conference by Mountbatten on 4 June 1947, when the date of independence was also announced 15 August 1947. The plans main points were: Hindus and Muslims in Punjab and Bengal legislative assemblies would meet and vote for partition. If a simple majority of either group wanted partition, then these provinces would be divided. Sindh was to take its own decision. The fate of North West Frontier Province and Sylhet district of Bengal was to be decided by a referendum. India would be independent by 15 August 1947. The separate independence of Bengal also ruled out. A boundary commission to be set up in case of partition. The Indian political leaders accepted the Plan on 2 June. It did not deal with the question of the princely states, but on 3 June Mountbatten advised them against remaining independent and urged them to join one of the two new dominions (India or Pakistan). Rioting The British conquest of India was accompanied by large-scale violence, sometimes directed toward the Indian civilian population. During the colonial wars of conquest, there were mass killings, but few are remembered. Violence between Hindus and Muslims is one of the most publicized features of colonial Indias history. Some, particularly Indian historian Gyan Pandey, hold that its characterization as violence between religious communities was invented by colonial administrators in the 19th century, and that it misrepresented forms of violence which were in fact extremely complex. Others see in it a faithful reflection of the actual crystallization of communitarian identities based on religion, in response to certain colonial policies. Whichever is the case, Hindu-Muslim riots became a permanent feature of the Indian political scene in the first half of the twentieth century. The main reason for these riots were the divide and rule policy which had instigated everything. These riots we re hindrance in Indias independence because they made India weak and this is what the British wanted. If India was weak then their rule would become even stronger, as a result India was divided and Hindu Muslim riots are still prevalent. Finally Partition of India The British had laid their roots long ago, now the Hindu Muslim rivalry had become severe and Partition of India now could not be stopped. The partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics. This led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh) and the Union of India (later Republic of India) which took place in 1947, on 14 and 15 August, respectively. The partition of India was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the Indian Empire and the end of the British Raj. With the decision in favour of partition made, the parties next faced this nearly impossible task of fixing a border between the new states. The Muslims occupied two main regions in the north on opposite sides of the country, separated by a majority-Hindu section. In addition, throughout most of northern India members of the two religions were mixed together not to mention populations of Sikhs, Christians and other minority faiths. The Sikhs campaigned for a nation of their own, but their appeal was denied. On August 14, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was founded.

Comparing Women by Henry James and Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay

Comparing Women by Henry James and Charlotte Perkins Gilman In American literature, women have been portrayed differently depending on the sex and race of the author. Henry James who wrote â€Å"Daisy Miller: A Study† (1878) characterized Daisy as a tramp who breaks expatriate social customs. When a male writes about a woman, she is sometimes portrayed as a troublemaker and often up to no good. On the other hand, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† (1892), the narrator is trapped by domestic life. When a woman writes about women, they are usually victims of their society. James and Gilman each seem to display women differently because of their own sex, personal preferences, and experiences. Henry James, a white male, shows the reader what happens to a young lady when she isn’t conservative and goes around town with men without supervision. Daisy Miller was perceived as a tramp because of her actions and the society during this time period. The main character of â€Å"Daisy Miller: A Study† (1978) is Miss Daisy Miller, an American girl, who is traveling with her mother and brother in Vevey and Rome. Throughout her traveling, Daisy’s actions were considered inappropriate for a young unmarried woman. During her first visit to Vevey, she began to converse with Winterbourne, an American male that is visiting his aunt in Vevey, without a chaperone. In Vevey at this particular time, it was very inappropriate for a girl to talk to a man unattended by either a chaperone or her mother. James states, â€Å"In Geneva, as he had been perfectly aware, a young man was not at liberty to speak to a young unmarried lady†¦he wondered if he had gone too f ar; but he decided that he must advance farther, rather than retreat† (471). Ev... .... Works Cited Dock, Julie Bates, Allen, Daphne Ryan, Palaris, Jennifer, and Tracy, Kristen. â€Å"‘But One Expects That’: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ and the Shifting Light of Scholarship.† PMLA 111 (1996): 52-65. JSTOR. Penn State U. 7 April 2005. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Ed. Nina Baym. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 832-844. ---. â€Å"Why I wrote ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Ed. Nina Baym. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 844-845. James, Henry. â€Å"Daisy Miller: A Study.† Ed. Nina Baym. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 468-506. Ohmann, Carol. â€Å"Daisy Miller: A Study of Changing Intentions.† American Literature 36 (1964): 1-11. JSTOR. Penn State U. 3 Feb 2005.

Real Estate Values in San Diego County

In this paper, I’m going to talk about what cities and areas of San Diego have higher real estate prices and higher incomes and why. Although the average home value in San Diego county is higher than most of the rest of the country, there is still a large spread in average home values. The average income in San Diego county is in the top ten percent in the country. Like home values, incomes vary greatly from place to place within the county, ranging from around $11,000 to around $110,000.According to a survey done in 2009, a region dubbed â€Å"North County Coastal† is the most wealthy region of San Diego. this area extends from Del Mar to Oceanside. This is consistent with the general trend of coastal property being more desirable and therefore wealthy people living in them. However, Imperial Beach, while having coastal property, has both a low average income and home value relative to the rest of the county. Rancho Santa Fe is the wealthiest census designated place in San Diego. It is not located on the coast.It is a part of the â€Å"North County Coastal† region. It is surrounded by other wealthy communities. The location alone is not enough to explain why Rancho Santa Fe is as an expensive of a place to live as it is. There are places like Chula Vista with comparable landscapes. The pattern of wealth distribution in San Diego County appears to be that wealthy communities are built around other wealthy communities. These places are found in a thin coastal strip in the northwest and west-central parts of the county.This pattern could be extended to explain why this strip is situated closer to Orange County than it is to the Mexican border. Patterns of home value do not completely follow natural-physical desirability but are influenced by them. The places is San Diego County with the lowest home values are found in the far east county, outside of the San Diego Urban Area. The Two cities in San Diego county with the lowest home value are Bo rrego Springs and Campo. The lower value of these homes can be explained by their rural location.The average home values in these cities are around $150,000 compared to over $1. 5 million in Rancho Santa Fe. The lowest income cities in the county include National City, El Cajon and Lemon grove. There is a strong parallel between high median incomes and high median home prices in San Diego county. That parallel does exist with low median incomes and median home values. The median home value in El Cajon is more than double the median home value in Borrego Springs even though the median income is higher in Borrego Springs.This can be explained by the general higher cost of living in urban areas. What I have found in this project is that there are many factors contributing to where different income groups and home values are located. I also found that there are interests that intend to mislead. One survey, published in 2009 by the county of San Diego, gave home values and net worths tha t the fine print said were from 2005. It seams that some try to make things look better than they are and that others try to avoid being profiled.These to factors were the biggest obstacles in researching for this project. â€Å"San Diego Metro Home Prices and Home Values in CA – Zillow Local Info. † Zillow – Real Estate, Homes for Sale, Home Prices & Values. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"California Locations by per Capita Income. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Formal and Fina San Diego Transfer of wealth study†-San Diego county http://www. energizingentrepreneurs. org/content/images/File/Formal%20and%20Final%20San%20Diego%20Transfer%20of%20wealth%20study-%20pdf. pdf

nerves system essays

nerves system essays The two types of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating Sensory data and motor commands the central nervous system, which interprets sensory input and carry information to maintain homeostasis. CNS can't be regenerate because a CNS consists of the spinal cord that mean if it's break the spinal cord is break also. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cord. The PNS can be regenerate and it will regrow. The brain and spinal cord are the main parts of the nervous system. The brain controls every part of your body and is located top of our head inside our skull. The spinal cord with controls our movement. Nerve cells contain 3 parts: dendrites, cell body and the axon. Dendrite is the receiving part of the neuron. It is a short extension of the cell body And send signals toward the cell body and the cell body conducts nerve impulses which in the transmission of the nerve impulses from the region to the other cell. The axon is a single extension carries the message to the next neuron, which controls all of the nerves. The nerve impulse is response of the neuron. There are 3 classes of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Neurons are also called nerve cells. A sensory neuron takes information from a receptor to the CNS. A motor neuron takes information away from the CNS. An interneuron transfer information between neurons in the CNS. It also sending out signal to the muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs, the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from -65mV to +40mV, this is call depolarization and during repolariza ...

The eNotes Blog A Class on the Art of the FinalFarewell

A Class on the Art of the FinalFarewell (George Eastmans (co-founder of Eastman-Kodak) suicide note. Eastman shot himself in the heart after suffering from chronic spinal pain which left him partially disabled.) When someone makes the decision to take their own life, often the first thing many people want to know is whether they left a suicide note. Some people, like Eastman, leave just a few words the living are left to ponder; others leave long, detailed letters of regret, pain, and loss. Whatever the method, there is no denying that the final, written words of anyone who has made this decision are compelling. Taking a class  on the composition of suicide notes thoughwell, thats definitely new. But philosophy professor  Simon Critchley of New Yorks the New School  Ã‚  believes there is much to be learned, artistically and rhetorically, from suicide notes. He recently hosted a course called the  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Suicide Note Writing Workshop. One of several classes offered in month-long series of programs called The School of Death, Critchley came up with the idea after hearing about a program called The School of Life in London.   Critchley (my kind of guy) called it   Ã¢â‚¬Å"a particularly nauseating philosophy of self-help.† Critchley realizes it is a dark subject and also a way of mocking creative-writing workshops.   But, in the workshops defense, the professor explained to  The New York Times,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"We’re not mocking suicide. We’re doing this as a way to understand it. And why not be a little insensitive? People are terrified in talking about death.† Fifteen students signed up for the workshop which looks closely at suicide ethics from antiquity to present-day. Suicide notes themselves, Critchley says, are a relatively recent innovation. In antiquity, there was no need to leave a note,† he said. â€Å"It would have been obvious why you killed yourself.† Notes examined include those left by   Adolph Hitler,Virgina Woolf, Kurt Cobain. After analyzing a variety of suicide notes, from both the infamous and ordinary people, the class was asked to write their own last words. They were given just fifteen minutes to do so and the goodbyes had to be contained to a 4 x 6 index card. One woman wrote this for her children: When you inevitably discover those things I kept secret, let these not diminish the reality nor the magnitude of my love for you. It is an interesting way to think about communication, especially since these last words, when not a classroom exercise, come from people who largely failed at communicating.

Executive toy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Executive toy - Essay Example However, the interconnection between the toys and technological development is not one-way. Amazingly, the contribution of toys to the progress of technology is quite significant. The article "The Antikythera mechanism" emphasizes that The origins of much modern technology, from railway engines to robots, can be traced back to the elaborate mechanical toys, or automata, that flourished in the 18th century. Those toys, in turn, grew out of the craft of clockmaking. And that craft, like so many other aspects of the modern world, seems to have roots that can be traced right back to ancient Greece. Not only technological mechanisms but the simplest and beloved by many children dolls, animal figures and tops originated in either ancient Greece or Rome. Children in Greek and Roman families played with balls, clay dolls and clay rattles, hand carts, hobby horses, hoops and spinning tops. The playtime often was used to teach children to use things the adults use in everyday life. Through the toys and games children were introduced to the important activities of household economy, carpentry, hunting, etc. It became obvious in the time of Dark Ages & the Middle Ages. When children were old enough to play parents also taught them to work and use weapons and tools through the play. "They would play outdoor games using pebbles, knucklebones and barrel hoops. Some would have hand made wooden toys such as tops, hobby horses and puppets." (Brief history) Attitudes have changed over the centuries. Puritans believed wanted to ban Holy days which were traditionally days for celebrating and playing games and toys became rare. Victorian parents believed that children should not play games on a Sunday but they were allowed to play with Noah's Arks because of their religious significance. Another factor that influenced the development of toys besides religious and social attitudes was definitely technology. The 18th century saw mass produced toys that were cheaper to make and buy. "Wealthy parents spent their money on printed instructional toys that would aid learning and morality, such as pictorial alphabet cards, dissected map puzzles, books and board games" (The Brief History). In the 19th century the main retailers of technical toys were opticians who sold steam engines, magic lanterns, building blocks and optical toys such as the kaleidoscope and zoetrope. Many famous toy companies started business in the 1890s and 1900sWorld War II brought toy production to a standstill. There was a revival in home made toys and knitted toy patterns became popular. In the 20th century, the cinema and later TV, has had a major influence on the retail of toys. Advances in technology have provided toy makers with new ideas for models and toys to replicate the society. Models and building bricks enable children to play imaginatively constructing and creating their own versions of the things they see around them. The popularity of these toys is often governed by events, such as the growth of the railways in the 19th century or the advent of space travel in the 20th century. Trains were the first form of modern transport to be copied as toys and wooden pull-along trains were available from the 1840s onwards. "By the 1870s the wooden toy train was replaced by tinplate locomotives and tenders with carriages which were often

Banking and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Banking and Finance - Essay Example Interest on the bond is provided every six months and the principle amount is given at the maturity date. Generally, bonds are issued by the corporation and government bonds are differentiated according to the payment of interest, the market they are issued in, the currency they are to be paid in and the legal status etc. Corporate bonds can be purchased through the security market. Company bonds provide high rate of interest but have more risks as compared to the government bond. While selecting the bond, the risk tolerance of the investor should be taken into consideration. Those who are ready to bear risks, can invest in corporate bonds and those who cannot afford any risks, can choose the government bond. â€Å" The credit risk associated with bonds range from relatively safe Treasury bills to extremely risky junk bonds to corporations or countries that are in a questionable financial position† (What are the Different Types of Bonds Available?, 2009, para. 4). The various kinds of bonds are as follows: Zero Coupon Bonds: The zero coupon bonds are those which became famous recently Zero coupon bonds are those bonds on which the companies do not provide the interest but issue the bonds at a discount rate with comparison to the maturity value. The difference between the issue price and the maturity value represent the return or interest. This can be explained through the following example: Suppose the company issues bonds at a value of $200 for each bond during a period of 5 years. Under zero bonds, the investor would not get interest on his investment but at the end of the particular period he will get $220 for each bond. It would then constitute the gain or interest on his investment. As per this, The issue price of bond = $200 Maturity value of bond = $220 Here $20 represents the gain or interest of investment Fixed Income Bonds: Fixed bond is a long term debt paper in which the rate of interest is fixed in advance. Under fixed income bonds, the inve stor would get a fixed and constant return on his investment at a regular interval and at the time of maturity, he will get the principle amount. Fixed income bonds provide safety to the investor on his investment, so these are preferable to those investors who would like to get stable return on their investment. Mostly state and central government issue this kind of bonds and these bonds are treated as a high safety investment. â€Å"The central or national governments also have the power to print money to pay their debts, as they control the money supply and currency of their countries† (Government Bonds, n.d., para. 2). Example: Consider an investor who makes investment on 12% bonds having a face value of $ 150. Suppose he invested on 100 bonds. The investor would get interest rate as given below: Investor makes investment = 100*$150 = $15000 The rate of interest is 12% Return = 15000 * 12 /100 = $1800 Floating rate bonds: In case of floating rate bonds, the interest provi ded to the investors during their investment is not predetermined. Interests on such bonds are paid in fluctuating basis, from time to time, according to the benchmark price. Under such bonds, the interest rate is determined in accordance with the market interest rate along with some other external factors. â€Å"The amounts of these variable payments are determined by the current market interest r

Is the Law Relating to the Offence of Dissemination of Terrorist Essay

Is the Law Relating to the Offence of Dissemination of Terrorist Publications in Need of Reform - Essay Example Recently, the UK government had problems in complying with provisions of the European Convention of Human rights in respect to its terrorism laws1. One measure in UK’s terrorism law is the pre-charge detention of terrorist suspects for up to twenty eight days without taking appearing in court. The British government intention to amend this law in 2008 and extend it to 42 days was unsuccessful. The government met resistance from civil right groups and parliamentarians who were against such measures since they saw it as an abuse of fundamental rights of individuals. The committee on human rights gave a conclusion that such measures were a breach of the right of liberty as in article five of the European Courts of Human Rights and derogation was necessary for the measure to be lawful2. Legal experts’ opinion was that the pre-charge detention for 42 days is disproportionate and European human rights laws do not provide legal framework for arbitrary arrests and detentions. R eaction from the British government was an explanation that the forty two day period was compatible with the ECHR. The European laws do not set a specific time period for which a person can be detained without appearing in court. ... However, this made the Blaire’s government to be in conflict with parliament resulting in the defeat of the 90 day period proposed by Tony Blaire to a 28 day period3. The premier criticized parliament and the labour MPs who came against him. Defeat of Tony Blaire’s government concerning this anti-terrorism bill brought a debate on whether Mr Blaire was an independent premier or a lame duck that was unable to mobilize his party to support such a crucial bill. Basing on this, likely changes in the bill will have a political effect in the sense that parliament might opt to refuse the changes or support the changes. The media is likely play a role in discussing such issues, with either providing a critique of the said legislation or supporting the legislation on condition that they do not breach the individual rights of people. Changes in the terrorism act of 2006 are likely to affect fundamental human rights and freedom which include4, right to freedom of movement, right t o privacy, right to non-discriminative policies, right to a remedy for breach of human rights, right to fair trial and freedom of expression. These rights are under protection of European Courts of Human Rights5 and the government of UK has committed itself to uphold them. Concerning these fundamental human rights, changes in terrorism act of 2006 will create new detention and questioning powers for security agencies in the UK, they will give the Attorney General new powers to proscribe terrorist organisations and will create new criminal offences and means of controlling people’s movements and activities. For instance, changes in terrorism law regarding attendance at a place formerly in use of terrorism activity, the

Dove, the Brand to Beat Essay Example for Free

Dove, the Brand to Beat Essay Dove is a brand under the many products of Unilever. It was in the 1890s when William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Bros popularized cleanliness and hygiene with his introduction of the Sunlight Soap in Victorian England. The Sunlight Soap led the advocacy â€Å"to make cleanliness commonplace; to lessen work for women; to foster health and contribute to personal attractiveness, that life ay be more enjoyable and rewarding for the people who use our products†. (www.dove.com) For three centuries, Unilever has proven its success over economic booms, depressions, world wars and the changing lifestyle of its consumers as the world advanced through technology. Dove is the leading skin care product since 1957. It is clinically proven and has been noted to be good for dry sensitive skin which half the women in the world has. And since the 1980s, Dove has launched more supporting products to the soap bar such as moisturizing body wash, deodorants, body lotions, facial cleansers, shampoos and conditioners. All of these products are aimed to solve skin needs comprehensively bringing out the true inner beauty of women. Dove is boasts of its number one in the race of cleansing brands with double-digit growth data. Sales in over 80 countries are over â‚ ¬2.5 billion a year. They estimate that over 1 billion showers are done using Dove products each year in the US alone. The success is due to the brands keeping of its clinically proven promises and understanding of its real market. Studies show that only 12 % of women are very satisfied with their physical attractiveness. 2% of women articulate themselves as beautiful. 68% knows that media almost always sets unrealistic standards of beauty and the 75% hopes that media would better itself in portraying diversity in women’s physical attractiveness that includes size, shape and age. â€Å"Dove is actively trying to address the root of the problem of negative self-image. Dove has founded the Dove Self-Esteem Fund, which funds programs to raise self-esteem in girls and young women. In the US, it’s working through the Unilever Foundation to sponsor a partnership with Girl Scouts, called uniquely ME! It also supports the BodyTalk education program for schools in the UK and Canada.† (www.dove.com) The Dove Self-Esteem Fund has come along way since consumers saw that water alone was not enough to clean oneself. American consumers of the new millennium are more demanding than ever and value minded. Dove consumers pay a higher price for Dove due to its after sales value. The target market of Dove are the people who can afford to put a premium for added market values compared to cheaper alternatives such as Ivory. â€Å"According to Soap, Cosmetics, Chemical Specialties, aging baby-boomers were looking for milder, less irritating products. Soaps using vegetable-based fats, with no animal fats or animal testing, were also in demand. Other popular items included loofahs, oatmeal products, and chamomile leaves. In general, customers demanded performance and value in all their soap, shampoo, and detergent products, which were the driving factors behind the soap and detergents industry at the turn of the century.† (Thompsons, 2006) All these added value makes Dove cost more than the average bath product. Value leaders attempt to offer the best product at the cheapest price. These products cannot compare on quality and in the short term, competes for the value of each dollar. Ivory products advertise themselves on the price pitch that does not happen to Dove products. Each Dove product commercial does not mention price. this kind of advertising strategy may increase Ivory income by selling more quantity but soaps such as Dove and Dial remain successful as well by selling more expensive and keeping loyal customers at lesser volumes. â€Å"The bar soap market, which had grown at an average rate of about 4.1 percent annually in the early 1980s, entered the 1990s with a growth rate of about 4.9 percent. Beauty bars comprised the fastest growing segment of the bar soap market, with sales increasing at a rate of about 7 percent per year. Later in the decade, however, bar soap began to lose some ground to shower gels. In 1998, bar soap sales grew only 1.5 percent in value and slipped 4.5 percent in unit terms, while shower gel sales increased dramatically. However, even with their 18.1 sales gain in 1998, the shower gel market, with total sales of $450 million, remained slightly less than a third the size of the bar soap market, which totaled $1.4 billion in value in 1998.† (Thompsons, 2006) Dove has been successful in its campaign to increase and sustain loyal consumers due to its steadfast supporting of its timeless belief in their original product. Compared to the rest of the competition, Dove remained the soap that held on to its ‘added moisture’ selling point. From that, Dove has evolved and widened its strategies in cornering a wider and global market. For one, it’s campaign-promoting self-esteem in women cuts above the rest. The ‘campaign for real beauty’ ad that models larger than average smiling women in white underwear has sent advertisers of other soaps amok. The message of this ad is a statement against the usual advertisers that project the beautiful woman with impossibly physical proportions. This strategy of using controversy for advertising worked so much for Dove. â€Å"The women in these photos appear to love who they are and the way their bodies look. Sue Ontiveros of the Chicago Sun-Times says, Its the joy on their faces that I really like. Theres just so much happiness in their smiles that I feel as if these women are saying this is the real me and I like her. Boy, is that rare and just the message Id like females to get and embrace. Just because your booty cant fit into a size four doesnt mean youre not sexy. The joy and confidence of the Dove models allows them to look sexy without having to wear seductive facial expressions.† (www.campaignforealbeuty.com) The challenge that lies on the Dove self-esteem campaigns is to make sure that they do not get caught playing two sides. A teener realizes that the big women ad was sporting big tight thighs. Dove was getting the most of this because their thigh-tightening product was being launched. A critic also realized that letting women with underwear pose on camera was still diminishing respect for women even if they were all size large. The most significant challenge that advertisers faced was fueled by the growing global concern of consumers over environmental issues. Consumers demanded that products like Dove have to be manufactured and marketed using ‘earth-friendly’ products and processes without sacrificing quality. Dove’s dishwashing liquid leads their earth-friendly products. Using the dishwashing liquid leaves the hands moisturized, the plates squeaky clean and the rivers unpolluted Another important strategy for Dove products to stay in the lead is using technology to further their market reach. The website of Dove and its dealers are well-made and very user friendly. Buying online is very convenient. Using the internet as part of the marketing efforts, Dove can ensure the existence of its loyal customers who pays more to buy Dove soap. The prices below gathered from the websites show comparisons in prices of different common leading bath soaps. Dove fits in the middle of the price war as it is appreciated by the market as the soap that has more value compared to the usual everyday common soaps such as Dial and Coast but not too expensive like the signature and specialty soaps like Cetaphil or Neutrogena. Price Comparisons Dove   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.08 Dial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.99 Ivory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.89 Cetaphil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.09 Neutrogena   Ã‚  Ã‚   3.95 Coast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.20 Table 1. User ratings between Dove competitors Product name Pears Soap Imperial Leather Original Soap Palmolive Original Soap Bar Dove Extra Sensitive Cream Bar Lux Milk Honey Beauty Soap Oilatum Soap Bar Camay Classic- Toilet Soap Overall user rating: Recommended by 100% (13 Reviews) Recommended by 95% (19 Reviews) Recommended by 50% (6 Reviews) Recommended by 86% (28 Reviews) Recommended by 100% (1 Review) Recommended by 100% (2 Reviews) Recommended by 33% (3 Reviews) http://www.ciao.co.uk/product_comparison.php?Pid=1%2C10%2C10534%2C15372%2C5015455%2C5231365IDs%5B%5D=70462IDs%5B%5D=70445IDs%5B%5D=70457IDs%5B%5D=70440IDs%5B%5D=70450IDs%5B%5D=5628139IDs%5B%5D=70438Compare=Compare   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The table above shows user ratings from the ciao website. Recommendations between Dove competitors are tabulated. Though Dove Extra Sensitive Cream Bar had an 86% recommendation ratings, it had the most number of reviews totaling 28 as compared to Imperial leather Original Soap that seconded the list with 18 reviews, a far ten reviews short of Dove. This short sampling will show that there are more Dove users who connect to the internet as compared to the other products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dove moves forward in its goal to build a strategic global ‘master’ brand. Backed by Unilever’s expertise in product branding, Dove with its good quality material for hygiene and beauty preservation will continue to focus on making their brand lead by promoting the value of their brand as against the price of the soap.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Dove was an instant hit, generating $55 million in sales its first six months, per Information Resources Inc. This year, sales climbed to $79 million for the 52 weeks ended April 22. Doves current market share stands at 4.7%, equal that of Procter and Gambles Old Spice. PGs Secret brands still collectively dominate the $1.6 billion category, but have been losing share to Dove. Total Secret sales were $229 million as of April 22, down 8% from $248 million for the year ended Sept. 10, 2000, per IRI.† (Ward, 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have personally using Dove for the past ten years and have been more than twice tempted to try other brands. Though I did try out one or two other brands during such time, I always went back to using Dove because of its simplicity, truthfulness and mission to add social value to a common daily commodity. In a world where brand names are easily communicated with visuals only technology knows how far will go, Dove will remain as a trustworthy partner in my personal health care. References: U.S. Department of Commerce. U.S. Industry and Trade Out-look 99.   Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1999. U.S. Department of Commerce. U.S. Census Bureau. 1997 Economic Census. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1999. Van Arnum, Patricia. Consumer Product Majors Soak in a Renewed Outlook. Chemical Market Reporter, FR3-5. Ward, John. 2003. Does Market Share Really Apply to Apple? http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/2003/opinion/0306.html www.ciao.com www.dove.com www.answers.com Doves extension into deodorant is a prime example of Unilevers long-term strategy to build a set of global master brands with new products and heavy marketing support. The launch was backed by more than $30 million in media spending, a level usually reserved for new brands. Dove marketers also wanted to develop a product specifically for women. While a number of existing brands are gender neutral (Ban, Sure) or targeted to men (Brut, Right Guard, Old Spice), not since PG introduced decades-old Secret has a manufacturer captured the collective attention of the female audience. Preferred language style: English(U.S.) †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Dove Soap (brand I want researched on)†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Think about a product you love, that you use all the time. In this first part of the assignment, your goal is to uncover as much research about the brand and it competitors as possible. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨You`ll want to know the history of the brand, the characteristics of the people who buy/use the brand, and everything else possible about it. But don`t forget to look into the competition. What are they doing right? What are they doing wrong? 5 pages 4 sources History Characteristics of its market Competition status What they are doing right? What they are doing wrong?

The World According To Garp Movie Report Essay -- essays research pape

It is very common to see a movie that has arisen from a famous novel, but there are some major differences seen when the transition from paper to screen takes place. The director of a movie has to try and fit a complete novel into an hour an a half to three our movie. Sometimes this adaptation works very well and the same points can be found if you read the book or watch the movie, but sometimes it does not work and some very major points and circumstances can be lost. In the World According to Garp the director George Roy Hill did a good job in fitting the major parts of the novel into the big screen adaptation. The movie, although a flop in the box office, received great reviews. One reviewer remarks, "The film bombed at the box office but remains an absorbing, if uneven work filled with intriguing--and eccentric--characters." (Jean Oppenheimer). The easiest thing to do when looking at the novel in comparison to the film is to look at what was left out. In Garp there were some instances that were changed for time sake, but nothing major was forgotten. The biggest change that I noticed when watching the movie is that they leave out all of the novels Garp writes. In the book we get to read passages from all of his books, but in the movie the only thing we know is that he is a writer and we never find out what he writes about. One of the major characters that was changed for the movie was a girl named Ellen James. Ellen James ...

Divorce - Cause and Effect :: Cause and Effect

Divorce Cause and Effect In today’s society, divorce is more the norm than ever before. Forty percent of all marriages end in divorce. Divorce defined by Webster is the action or an instance of legally dissolving a marriage [1]. Divorce itself is both a cause and an effect. Some of the causes of divorce include the lack of money, sexual indiscretion and the ease of getting a divorce. These are some of the most common causes of divorce. Further, the effects of a divorce seem insurmountable when comparing the grief it causes on both parties. This paper will describe some of the causes and effects of a divorce. Many people cite money as a cause of divorce. In fact, the statistics of a survey conducted by Citibank on divorce in the United States suggested that more than fifty percent of divorced couples cited money problems as the cause of their divorce [2]. I believe that money has a role in society and in marriage. However, the lack of money does cause discord between a married couple. This can be referred to as financial incompatibility, which is based on the views that each partner has of the partnership of marriage from a financial viewpoint [2]. Further, he/she should also think about the effects of divorce on their financial situation. Also, they should know that divorce does not solve financial problems. Instead, the divorce must be paid for and the divorced couple must now set up two households instead of one. Further, This is a classic example of why divorce is not necessary and sex indiscretion is. Sexually indiscretion is the second leading cause of divorce. Sexually indiscretion should never happen if you truly love your mate. When you commit sexual indiscretion you’re sending out a signal that you mate is not enough for you. In doing this you break a bond between you and your mate. The effect of sexual discretion is diverse stating. This will lead to a lack of trust between both parties involved. This particular bond once broken can not be mended in most cases. However, when sexually indiscretion is committed a divorce is inevitable. Once a divorce is inevitable due to sexual indiscretion it is easierly attained. In the opinion of some, the no-fault divorce laws have led to the increased rate of divorce. The increase is contributed to the inexpensiveness of getting a divorce, because of the no-fault laws.

Concentration of enzymes Essay

CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained from the experiment it can be concluded that the concentration of enzymes influences the rate of a chemical reaction. If enzyme concentration is decreased then the reaction rate will also decrease. If there is sufficient enzyme to bind with substrate then the reaction will proceed fast and if there are insufficient enzymes present then the reaction will slow down DISCUSSION: It was predicted that with the increase of concentration of amylase solution, the time took to break down starch would decrease . This was proved correct , if basing on just these trials . The graph shows how with every single increase of the concentration , the amount of drops until the mixture fails to give a blue-black colour with iodine solution disappear decreased. This continually happened , without any outliers. The trend-line of the graph shows the predicted linear line in the relationship between concentration of amylase solution and the amount of drops until the mixture fails to give a blue-black colour with iodine solution. The amount of drops until the mixture fails to give a blue-black colour with iodine solution with a amylase concentration of 0.1% was found to be 12 drops, which was plotted on the graph. It can be presumed that a higher concentration of amylase is better because it does not take much time to break down the polysaccharide chains and a higher concentration helps to speed up this process. The amylase concentration of 0.1% took only 12 drops until the mixture fails to give a blue-black colour, while the amylase concentration of 0.05% took 21 drops , the amylase concentration of 0.025% took 24 drops and the amylase concentration of 0.01% took 28 drops. Because the purpose of an enzyme is to speed up a reaction, it is logical that amylase would have a higher concentration so it can take less time for it to do its purpose. At higher amylase concentration the time taken until the mixture fails to give a blue-black colour with iodine solution. Despite this, there are sources of error that need to be acknowledge. The trial proved difficult for some, sometimes yielding no results. Another source may be the mixing of the concentration.

Atticus Finch (To Kill A Mockingbird) essays

Atticus Finch (To Kill A Mockingbird) essays John F. Kennedy, George Washington, and Martin Luther King, Jr. were all noble, patient, and modest men. They were famous for all the great things they did. In Harper Lee's inspirational novel To Kill A Mockingbird, one sees Atticus Finch as one sees these men. Harper Lee shows the reader the great man Atticus is at heart. Although his actions may not have changed the nation, they did change the small town of Maycomb. Atticus Finch is a patient man. He always has time to listen to his children, Scout and Jem. When Scout's first grade teacher Miss Caroline told Scout not to let her father teach her to read anymore, Scout was crushed. Scout believed that she was born reading, but Miss Caroline insisted that Atticus must have been the one who made Scout as literate as she was. Miss Caroline wanted Scout to begin reading with a "fresh mind," and Scout felt that she must obey this outrageous request. That night, Atticus asked Scout to read the newspaper with him. She felt overwhelmed and went outside to sit on the front porch. Atticus talked to her patiently and eventually got the problem out of her. She told him of her day's misfortunes as he listened intently. He sat down with her and explained that she needed to look at things from Miss Caroline's point of view. They discussed her school, the Ewells, and other things that night. Eventually, Atticus made her a deal that they would read each night just as they always had if she didn't mention the deal to Miss Caroline. Atticus couldn't have made Scout happier if he had tried. Many situations similar to this arose in the next few years, and Atticus handled them all with patience. Along with Atticus's patience came his modesty. He didn't like to brag about himself. Because of this, his children never really knew anything about him that they could be proud of him for. There was something about him they never would have...

Free Essays on France Revolution

Modern History Sourcebook: Alphonse de Lamartine (1790-1869): History of the Revolution of 1848 in France Lamartine was a Romantic poet, a member of the provisional government, and a one-time presidential candidate. Here he recounts events in France in 1848. Initial demands were for liberal political reforms. Soon social and economic issues came quickly to the fore as an organized working class began to make demands. The 12th arrondissement [note: district]of Paris had arranged a banquet. The opposition had promised to verify the right by its presence, and the banquet was to take place on the 20th of February. The ministry did not oppose it by force. They merely proposed to certify the offence by a commissary of police, and to try the question by the courts of law. The opposition was unanimous for accepting the judicial debate on this ground. Everything was prepared for this peaceable demonstration. On the eve of it, the ministry, disturbed by a summons addressed to the National Guards, without arms, by the impatient republicans, declared at the tribune that they retracted their concessions, and would disperse the manifestation by force. M. Barrot summoned the constitutional opposition to his house to deliberate. It was proposed to keep aloof from the extreme resolution of the government, and M. Barrot and his friends yielded to this counsel. On the next day a second deliberation took place at a restorator's in the Place de la Madeleine, and M. de Lamartine, M. Berryer, and M. de Laroche-jacquelein were invited to attend. They went thither. About two hundred deputies of all complexions of moderate opposition were present. The course to be pursued was discussed. The discussion was long, varied and embarrassing, and no firm or worthy decision was reached in any quarter. If the opposition receded, it would destroy itself, dishonor its name, and lose its moral influence over the nation. It would pass under the Caudine yoke of t... Free Essays on France Revolution Free Essays on France Revolution Modern History Sourcebook: Alphonse de Lamartine (1790-1869): History of the Revolution of 1848 in France Lamartine was a Romantic poet, a member of the provisional government, and a one-time presidential candidate. Here he recounts events in France in 1848. Initial demands were for liberal political reforms. Soon social and economic issues came quickly to the fore as an organized working class began to make demands. The 12th arrondissement [note: district]of Paris had arranged a banquet. The opposition had promised to verify the right by its presence, and the banquet was to take place on the 20th of February. The ministry did not oppose it by force. They merely proposed to certify the offence by a commissary of police, and to try the question by the courts of law. The opposition was unanimous for accepting the judicial debate on this ground. Everything was prepared for this peaceable demonstration. On the eve of it, the ministry, disturbed by a summons addressed to the National Guards, without arms, by the impatient republicans, declared at the tribune that they retracted their concessions, and would disperse the manifestation by force. M. Barrot summoned the constitutional opposition to his house to deliberate. It was proposed to keep aloof from the extreme resolution of the government, and M. Barrot and his friends yielded to this counsel. On the next day a second deliberation took place at a restorator's in the Place de la Madeleine, and M. de Lamartine, M. Berryer, and M. de Laroche-jacquelein were invited to attend. They went thither. About two hundred deputies of all complexions of moderate opposition were present. The course to be pursued was discussed. The discussion was long, varied and embarrassing, and no firm or worthy decision was reached in any quarter. If the opposition receded, it would destroy itself, dishonor its name, and lose its moral influence over the nation. It would pass under the Caudine yoke of t...

Writing for Hobby and Leisure Activity Magazines

Writing for Hob When I began my freelance writing career in 2007, I would never have believed Id end up writing dozens of articles for hob My Ive found hob Leisure activity magazines exist in a mind-boggling plethora of topics; trains, quilting, motorcycles, automobiles, cats and dogs, dolls, scale modeling, yachting, cycling, running (and nearly every other sport imaginable), camping, hiking, video games, arts crafts, astronomy, military history, stamp collecting, coin collecting, rock gem collecting, antique collecting, and every other pastime imaginable. Next time youre at your local Barnes Noble or bookstore, thumb through the special interest and hob Where to Pitch Your Hob Leisure activities represent a huge market in first world countries. So, make sure you pitch your stories to magazines published in developed countries that have wealth and where the people have leisure time for pursuing hobbies such as North America, the U.K, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa. You Dont Have to Be an Expert Writers do not need to be experts about their hob Ive consulted or quoted experts in some hob My article in Garden Answers Magazine, about the Elandan Bonsai Gardens in Port Orchard, Washington, was a profile piece about Daniel Robinson, a bonsai expert who created this magical garden. How Do You Pitch Your Story Ideas to Hob Hob Create Pitch Lists Ive created extensive magazine distribution lists for every leisure activity genre that Ive written in. Once youve developed your magazine distribution lists, youve got them forever, so you dont need to reinvent the wheel every time you want to query a hob Writing for hob

The Physical Therapist and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Physical Therapist and the Law - Essay Example [internet]). As a matter of fact, it is good for injury prevention in youth sports. (Hareyan, Armen. Injury Prevention. Physical Therapists Offer Tips For Injury Prevention April 10, 2007. EmaxHealth. [internet] Accessed February 11, 2010. Available at: ). In the State of Florida, the practice is covered by Chapter 486 of the Florida Statutes (2009) under Title XXXII of the law. (CHAPTER 486. PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE. Title XXXII For one to be qualified as a licensed massage therapist, there are certain requirements to comply with. As basic requisites, the applicant must be at least eighteen years of age and must be of good moral character. For her or his professional qualifications or credentials, the applicant must meet any one of the three given circumstances which are (a) the applicant is a graduate from a physical therapy school duly accredited under the tutelage of the Commission of Recognition of Postsecondary Accreditation or the United States Department of Education upon her or his graduation, and has passed to the satisfaction of the Board of Physical Therapy Practice the American Registry Examination before 1971 or a national examination approved by the said Board of Physical Therapy Practice, or (b) the applicant has obtained a diploma from a physical therapy program in a foreign country or has educational qualifications equivalent to what is mandated of physical therapists in the United States d uly acknowledged by the proper agency accredited by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice, (Section 486.031 Physical therapist; licensing requirements. Ibid) or (c) the Board of Physical Therapy Practice has caused the issuance of a license to the applicant through the Department of Health without having taken any examination when she or he (the applicant) presents proof to the satisfaction of the Board of Physical Therapy Practice that she or he has passed the American Registry Examination before 1971 or an examination in physical therapy before a similar legally authorized examining board of another state, the District of Columbia, a territory or a foreign country where the standards for licensing physical therapy professionals are considered by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice as of the same level or category as those in Florida. (Section 486.081 Physical therapist; issuance of license without examination to person passing examination of another authorized examining board; fee. Ibid). In this third criterion, the professional may design or denominate herself or himself as a physical therapist or a physiotherapist or a P.T. She or he shall also pay to the Department of Health the appropriate fee not exceeding one hundred seventy five dollars as determined by the Board of Physical Therapy Practice. Physical therapy practice and police power Physical therapy being a career or a calling in Florida as in all other states,